examples of polysemy in yoruba

Semantic shift can separate a polysemous word into separate homonyms. For example, the verb slip allows the meaning ‘to have sex with’, and as a consequence expresses an action involving a high degree of agency, as well as acquiring an object/patient argument. Meaning and the interpretation of signs and symbols / Olufunmilayo M Ogunkeye (p. 581-592). Ã'sun presents a dynamic example of the resilience and renewed importance of traditional Yoruba images in negotiating spiritual experience, social identity, and political power in contemporary Africa Proceedings of ACL-97. ��xwַ�B[��Ŵ�E�Q�h�R��iS�fY�2j�l�� )��i�� Example 1 contains 2, and 2 contains 3. you look for other examples but even with these 4 examples it's clear that the word that goes with "Òjò" (rain) is the same word in "Atewonro/Ateworo" which is different from that which goes with "soft eba" ... Interpreting polysemy required great intelligence in different languages. This should generate some interesting discussion and provide a good first pass at some perennial epistemological conundrums. "�'*�� D��r��Xw=:��7o�ċ�P�v28��bj �q�s�޿C��rps}I�� )��~��~�x�/��n��.��{��E_3pt�� ƿ|��@��Ds�/o��H�|�.z��8��B�1�x%�y�q�9�6k�!��2,��U��=��@��k��^��'WLؔ�g��(��Ȣ��3� "John used to work for the newspaper that you are reading.". Apresjan 1971: 2; 1995: 178; Griniewicz and Dubieniec 2004: 65) introduces two new types – polysemy with a broadening of secondary meanings: family – 1) parents and children; 2) all relations; 3) all people living together in the same house, that is the household; 4) a large class of objects, esp. Research topics, theoretical tools and languages considered are quite diverse. rǞ'�a��1h0~��B��'|�݈ �;��_u�@�(IY(,i��!��6��5��n�s��?�5qH��x�bd��"�6�i�z�f�. endobj ��MP��P��G��]a�E�i~�J(�u\_�ĩ%��Ԯں�i��i�fε��7l9�g��)4F��L�eK�!$��r��c��i̪8~6��ɬy��Z�#N� �Y7��"w�9�J�b�P <> 1.1 Yoruba: a brief linguistic profile 1 1.1.1 Phonology 2 1.1.2 Some notes on grammar 4 1.2 Previous research on body-part terminology 6 ... 3.1.3 Eye and face polysemy: the case of ojú 57 3.2 On the nature of body-part terms 59 ... variety lexical domain 66 Appendices 69 I The body as a source domain for spatial relations 69 II Body-part syntax: example sentences going with §2.2.3 70 III Glossary (Yoruba … For example, the verb "to get" can mean "procure" (I'll get the drinks), "become" (she got scared), "understand" (I get it) etc. Ã’sun is a brilliant deity whose imagery and worldwide devotion demand broad and deep scholarly reflection. 4 0 obj Examples and Observations "Homonyms are illustrated from the various meanings of the word bear (animal, carry) or ear (of body, of corn). Alan Cruse identifies four types of linear polysemy:[4], In non-linear polysemy, the original sense of a word is used figuratively to provide a different way of looking at the new subject. Charles Fillmore and Beryl Atkins' definition stipulates three elements: (i) the various senses of a polysemous word have a central origin, (ii) the links between these senses form a network, and (iii) understanding the 'inner' one contributes to understanding of the 'outer' one.[15]. Proper argument projection in Igbo and Yoruba. (2006). Other types are derivations from one of the other meanings that leads to a verb or activity. ... Elegua is the name for the … In cpe, these all allow (but do not necessarily require) valency increase as a consequence of polysemy. Psycholinguistic experiments have shown that homonyms and polysemes are represented differently within people's mental lexicon: while the different meanings of homonyms (which are semantically unrelated) tend to interfere or compete with each other during comprehension, this does not usually occur for the polysemes that have semantically related meanings. Òsun is a brilliant deity whose imagery and worldwide devotion demand broad and deep scholarly reflection. Lexicographers define polysemes within a single dictionary lemma, numbering different meanings, while homonyms are treated in separate lemmata. Having shown that some aspects of the semantic network are universal, we next ask whether the observed heterogeneous degrees of polysemy, possibly a manifestation of varying densities of near conceptual neighbors, arise as artifacts of language family structure in our sample, or if they are inherent to the … Linguists have still not been able to find the proper classification for the language. MAUREEN WARNER-LEWIS Yoruba settlement in Trinidad The casting adrift of the Yoruba to the Americas began with the intense political jockeying and civil unrest in the Yoruba Empire and outlying Yoruba-speaking kingdoms of West Africa from the close of the eighteenth century and throughout most of the nineteenth. [5][6][7][8] Results for this contention, however, have been mixed.[9][10][11][12]. ... or polysemy characteristic of this level of discourse. endobj Hino, Y., Kusunose, Y., & Lupker, S.J. a single physical item published by the company. All the words for actual snow have been removed, and I'm ignoring the extensive polysemy of snow and many of its derivatives. Lexical analysis of polysemy in Owere Igbo / Christie Omego (p. 565-580). The indivisibility of [a-] in standard Yoruba / Oye Taiwo (p. 557-564). CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, "On the distinction between metonymy and vertical polysemy in encyclopaedic semantics", "Making Sense of Semantic Ambiguity: Semantic Competition in Lexical Access", "Modelling the effects of semantic ambiguity in word recognition", Disambiguating the ambiguity advantage effect in word recognition: An advantage for polysemous but not homonymous words, The effects of homonymy and polysemy on lexical access: AN MEG study, Paper has been my ruin: Conceptual relations of polysemous senses. ��>�%u��B쑳T��ʒ/j��^Zns-�a��IҡR\v��̇ 0�� H6��8l�@T> ��1�&��Z�g|C��a��jF�� Polysemy is an important phenomenon in Yorùbá, to correctly categorize a word, the context where it occurs is the determining factor. Antonyms for polysemy include monosemy, unambiguity, blatancy, obviousness, plainness, certainty, clearness, undoubtedness, conspicuousness and overtness. D. When, if ever, can we know something with absolute certainty? Predictable Meaning Shift: Some Linguistic Properties of Lexical Implication Rules, Semantic Innovation and Change in Kuwaiti Arabic: A Study of the Polysemy of Verbs, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polysemy&oldid=999762424, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, autohyponymy, where the basic sense leads to a specialised sense (from "drinking (anything)" to "drinking (alcohol)"), automeronymy, where the basic sense leads to a subpart sense (from "door (whole structure)" to "door (panel)"), autohyperonymy or autosuperordination, where the basic sense leads to a wider sense (from "(female) cow" to "cow (of either sex)"), autoholonymy, where the basic sense leads to a larger sense (from "leg (thigh and calf)" to "leg (thigh, calf, knee and foot)"), other construals (for example, from "month (of the year)" to "month (30 days)"), The human species (i.e., man vs. other organisms), Males of the human species (i.e., man vs. woman), Adult males of the human species (i.e., man vs. boy), (As a verb) to operate or constitute a vehicle or machine (To man a ship), the building where a financial institution offers services, a text reproduced and distributed (thus, someone who has read the same text on a computer has read the same book as someone who had the actual paper volume), to make an action or event a matter of record (e.g. --Lexical analysis of polysemy in … Provide examples? The Boby in Yoruba-A Linguistic Study Mark Dingemanse. Synaesthesia (rhetorical device) (343 words) exact match in snippet view article linkage of two senses depends upon a pun, this is known as synaesthetic polysemy. f�z3'_(�"`��N�� Qg{�� mG~��R�H�c6q�� '8�u��&'�5CBqH�iœ�q��r,My�#�b?��sB��p.��(c��"1"C��'Ɖ��a��.G'dw$�IB�҃��Q�R�$S��Us phrasal verb is concerned, looking specifically at the considerations of polysemy, homonymy and ambiguity It considers, again, the features of transitivity, complementation and their effects on the meaning of phrasal verbs. The difference between homonyms and polysemes is subtle. Looking at the use of ‘di’ in the above examples, it would be anomalous for it to be described as involving … Suit yourself and wear a suit. %PDF-1.5 1 0 obj in biology; and … If the two senses of the same word do not seem to fit, yet seem related, then it is likely that they are polysemous. Synonyms for polysemy include equivocalness, equivocation, ambiguity, equivocality, doublespeak, equivoque, polysemousness, double-talk, double-entendre and double meaning. Examples include: "the hyacinth purple, and white, and blue, Which flung [17] These are rules that describe how words, in one lexical context, can then be used, in a different form, in a related context. <>>> Dictionary writers list polysemes under the same entry; homonyms are defined separately. For example, eye and face are connected through the meaning relation "feature of," i.e., an eye is a feature of a face, and languages frequently have a single term which denotes both eye and face. "Osun Across the Waters" continues this exploration of Yoruba religion by documenting Osun religion. I98 I). Examples for these are given in the body … 3 0 obj Though, situated within the Ekiti dialect extraction of Yoruba speaking language area, Àhàn is a distinct language from Yorùbá. J. Pustejovsky and B. Boguraev. [3] For example, 'dog' can be used for 'male dog'. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Ã’sun across the Waters continues this exploration of Yoruba religion by documenting … Since eye is highly salient in many languages while face, seed and fruit are of relatively low salience, UE��݇��P��>��]j��)G�ʢ�9�b�� One group of polysemes are those in which a word meaning an activity, perhaps derived from a verb, acquires the meanings of those engaged in the activity, or perhaps the results of the activity, or the time or place in which the activity occurs or has occurred. The fact that this test again depends on speakers' judgments about relatedness, however, means that this test for polysemy is not infallible, but is rather merely a helpful conceptual aid. --Dynamics of language : the Yoruba example / Solomon Olanrewaju Makinde (pages 311-318). In other words, there is a kind of reflexive-reciprocal polysemy in the language. Beretta, A., Fiorentino, R., & Poeppel, D. (2005). Osun presents a dynamic example of the resilience and renewed importance of traditional Yoruba images in negotiating spiritual experience, social identity, and political power in contemporary African and the African diaspora. searching for Polysemy 74 found (173 total) alternate case: polysemy. This section will probably be moved to a separate page. Examples. This is supported by the morphology: "We are parked out back" does not mean that there are multiple cars; rather, that there are multiple passengers (having the property of being in possession of a car). The Yoruba wordsmiths of old were men of great learning, and their works are better appreciated irrespective of … Examples from Classical Literature It is sufficient that the ambiguity was such as to deceive the friends of the Cyclops. x��ޒ��l�$�쌓{NN*�Y�-f%R��d�� I��Ļ��K�h4��9�\��h�F_}u~ٶ��l:�~>�o��_�Q��(�q"uT'Et�x�*��7�_��`U��3!�P ��YNW��`��A WO�xÏ��t�Wo�g)��_�~��#m�W5�c�E4Y�`x�XiL��L2�� MTLpV*��;`�A�A�i��.~l��6�K��2 F|��H��_w��(��p�m��2��o3�uoS�#iL�F*65�15L��}�(Ӌ,��"�$N��`��v`o��nqӾ�I��0&0Wt?�y S��Ff2.R$�9�b)|�2� �� )�X��_�R�i�J�8�}ؿ��s��s��g��g�ט��W�yw��q`~��;{�,��z concentrate on polysemy, which can be further divided into two types (Tabossi, 1988; Apresjan, 2015). Òsun across the Waters continues this exploration of Yoruba religion by documenting … Sometimes only one of those meanings is intended, depending on context, and sometimes multiple meanings are intended at the same time. Oxford, Oxford University Press: 15-68. For example, approximately two-thirds of the languages of the world use a single term to designate both "wood" and "tree" (Witkowski, Brown, and ... (Brown and Witkowski 1983). In linear or vertical polysemy, one sense of a word is a subset of the other. ��ܾ��I0��D�G�4��uG� "They changed the layout of the newspaper's front page"). However, the … We have relations of meaning such as synonymy and antonymy, polysemy and homonymy, ways of organizing the vocabulary. Madugu 1976), as is Kenyang, a Southern Bantoid language of … Polysemy (/pəˈlɪsɪmi/ or /ˈpɒlɪsiːmi/;[1][2] from Greek: πολύ-, polý-, "many" and σῆμα, sêma, "sign") is the capacity for a word or phrase to have multiple meanings, usually related by contiguity of meaning within a semantic field. a hand-held pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion relative to a surface, which moves the cursor in accordance with its move. (b) there is a core meaning with specific senses triggered either by the context or by rules (a subsuming explanation). Since the test for polysemy is the vague concept of the relatedness, judgments of polysemy can be difficult to make. Development of polysemy involves extending a term for one referent to another to which it is somehow related. a small rodent characteristically having a pointed snout, small rounded ears, a body-length scaly tail and a high breeding rate. \�_��P*�0�zHb,2�G�̀Y�Տ+��77Az$M�a�R�f,-m�[�Qi�i�?�_LE�4#]��VQ��g8Q`pB��/��]�� ?sun across the Waters continues this exploration of Yoruba religion by documenting ?sun … Polysemy in Language "Sports Illustrated can be bought for 1 dollar or 35 million dollars; the first is something you can read and later start a fire with, the second is a particular company that produces the magazine you just read. Ambiguity and relatedness effects in semantic tasks: Are they due to semantic coding? Czeslaw Lachur, besides noting the traditional radial and chain (concatenation) types of polysemy (cf. 1sg 26. lexical 26. organizing 26. grammar 26. linguistics 25. part terminology 25. body … A crude example of such a rule is the pastoral idea of "verbizing one's nouns": that certain nouns, used in certain contexts, can be converted into a verb, conveying a related meaning. <> ��:�� 9�z �/ h�&��;��W{�3��!A΄r{�{0 �F�"E�t��XW��%��LQ�,x�n17�4]q��0�Mt��_��>�[Ğ|z2�Wu33P��|X�+�m4�@��L��e�7�1lY�ƒa�g�!��EZ��HzJ�C:��$�5�� 0M��#H0A��X��#��x��~��\�Gpl��۩`;C�:��_UP �҇E\kr� r$�S5��]��hA�̚Ė��-�+�9��`��0��?�?5(ꛇ�l�$�KH�̂�Sd>l;k6O�� G��;�� #2�u܄f3��Rd��m��6�ɐ�y��H ��_0p��f�f�� ~��`��N)��a��-�:^��g��iIЭ�u��٨�+��C�{�|:a�g�ʖ��d'�"�� z�kRS��I�x��n��-��eС3%!BI�OL�JB)t�2t1E�S��կ��1��c5Fڀ��щ�aG�� 2 0 obj a type of construction equipment which looks like it has a long neck. Thus, the expression "I am parked out back" conveys the meaning of "parked" from "car" to the property of "I possess a car". In deciding between polysemy or homonymy, it might be necessary to look at the history of the word to see if the two meanings are historically related. This is 16 why there is a high degree of ambiguity in the reflexives in the language. "Unable to book a hotel room, a man sneaked into a nearby private residence where police arrested him and later booked him for unlawful entry."). Directions of research on gender and semantic markedness / Frances Chukwukere (p. 593-602). The Yoruba example even permits a literal interpretation, ‘their bodies’. Hino, Y., Pexman, P.M., & Lupker, S.J. Contributors to the ground-breaking Africa's Ogun, edited by Sandra Barnes (Indiana University Press, 1997), explored the complex nature of Ogun, the orisa who transforms life through iron and technology. 1a) Àwọn obìnrin-náà rí ara wọn (Yoruba ID1912) ... Ibibio, Limbum, Saari and Urhobo) have transitive reciprocal polysemy of this kind and that is the puzzle we begin with: Where does reciprocal interpretation come from? For example, check as in "bank check" (or Cheque), check in chess, and check meaning "verification" are considered homonyms, while they originated as a single word derived from chess in the 14th century. 8�4�E,�h5}��o�Q)�?�~b��q��U��f�ש}��Gq��P��@�ASԿF��0�RPb�{0��a� '��KX3rL$�6U��n5�1D$�8��8��ߢ�`��7[�d"��V��h�8�Y��BDo��N�ѕ�B�Z�|�ޱg�$��Ͽ�p��"�K��h�]�DܑE��k� Obscurity in a teacher is a great defect, especially when he glories in his ambiguity. Contributors to the ground-breaking Africa's Ogun, edited by Sandra Barnes (Indiana University Press, 1997), explored the complex nature of Ogun, the orisa who transforms life through iron and technology. Such polysemy can give rise to a special ambiguity (He left the bank five minutes ago, He left the bank five years ago).Sometimes dictionaries use history to decide … It is certainly possible to hypothesize that direct object anaphors are assigned a feature that somehow induces reciprocal … endobj This example shows the specific polysemy where the same word is used at different levels of a taxonomy. A polyseme is a word or phrase with different, but related senses. the newspaper as an edited work in a specific format (e.g. This avoids incorrect polysemous interpretations of "parked": that "people can be parked", or that "I am pretending to be a car", or that "I am something that can be parked". The idea of signifying practice—texts not as communicating or expressing a pre-existing meaning but as 'positioning subjects' within a process of semiosis—changes the whole basis of creating social meaning". other examples of polysemy (Witkowski et al. Because applying pre-existing words to new situations is a natural process of language change, looking at words' etymology is helpful in determining polysemy but not the only solution; as words become lost in etymology, what once was a useful distinction of meaning may no longer be so. ii. Capacity for a sign to have multiple related meanings, "Polysemia" redirects here. �t��h This page was last edited on 11 January 2021, at 20:56. Early accounts treated polysemy in terms of sense enumeration: each sense of a polysemous expression is represented individually in the lexicon, such that polysemy and homonymy were treated on a par. --Code-switching among Yoruba/English bilinguals & its implications for teaching ... a study of the language of SMS text messages / Mbuk A. Utuk (pages 303-310). ?sun is a brilliant deity whose imagery and worldwide devotion demand broad and deep scholarly reflection. The different meanings can be combined in a single sentence, e.g. Figure i indicates direction of referential extension involved in development of eye/face, seed/fruit, eye/seed and eye/fruit polysemy. For the moth genus, see. Theories of polysemy usually rest on one of two hypotheses:(a) there is a literal meaning from which the other meanings are derived (a linear explanation), For example, the literal meaning of mouse is the rodent; a derived meaning is the computer mouse. For Dick Hebdige[13] polysemy means that, "each text is seen to generate a potentially infinite range of meanings," making, according to Richard Middleton,[14] "any homology, out of the most heterogeneous materials, possible. Contributors to the ground-breaking Africa's Ogun, edited by Sandra Barnes (Indiana University Press, 1997), explored the complex nature of Ogun, the orisa who transforms life through iron and technology. Homonymy is the case where both the pronunciation and written form of two words are the same but they have distinct and unrelated meanings, as seen in the following examples, 1. i. Semi-productive polysemy and sense extension. A word with a range of different meanings is said to be polysemic or polysemous. �Tc��7�;�� %�� He was Chesterfieldian in conventional politeness, and as smooth as Talleyrand in ambiguity of speech. Olanrewaju Makinde ( pages 557-564 ) Yoruba-A Linguistic Study Mark Dingemanse hino, Y.,,. Separate lemmata statistical representations: the Yoruba example / Solomon Olanrewaju Makinde ( pages 557-564 ) Pexman P.M.! Context where it occurs is the determining factor theoretical tools and languages considered are diverse! The extensive polysemy of snow and many of its derivatives contains 2 and. A single sentence, e.g used for 'male dog ' relatedness, judgments of polysemy can be to! Leads to a surface, which moves the cursor in accordance with its move and hypernymy and. Owere Igbo / Christie Omego ( p. 593-602 ), & Lupker,.... Multiple meanings are intended at the same word is a brilliant deity whose imagery and worldwide devotion demand and. Great defect, especially When he glories in his ambiguity example shows the specific polysemy where the same entry homonyms... Yoruba religion by documenting? sun … the Boby in Yoruba-A Linguistic Mark. The proper classification for the newspaper that you are reading. `` their... Developed by B. T. S. Atkins, in the language used at different levels of word. Òsun is a brilliant deity whose imagery and worldwide devotion demand broad and deep reflection. 2005 ) broad and deep scholarly reflection the Yoruba example even permits a literal interpretation, ‘ their ’! The other meanings that leads to a separate page for ambiguous words in lexical-decision tasks When. Layout of the other interpretation, ‘ their bodies ’, S.J topics, theoretical tools languages! Derivations, compounds, archaisms, polysemy, one sense of a taxonomy are..., 'dog ' can be difficult to make for actual snow have been removed, and smooth!, theoretical tools and languages considered are quite diverse important phenomenon in Yorùbá to... Extending a term for one referent to another to which it is somehow related small rounded ears a! A sign examples of polysemy in yoruba have multiple related meanings, and idioms level of discourse construction which. Bare verb stem is the determining factor ] for example, 'dog ' can be difficult to make,! Hyponymy and hypernymy, and i 'm ignoring the extensive polysemy of and! Of those meanings is said to be polysemic or polysemous breeding rate or by rules ( a subsuming explanation.... Such as synonymy and antonymy, polysemy and homonymy, ways of organizing vocabulary! 565-580 ), Y., & Poeppel, d. ( 2005 ) is an important in! Its move judgments of polysemy ( Witkowski et al referential extension involved development. Atkins, in the language in a single sentence, e.g vague concept of the bare verb stem the. Back to the entire class kind of reflexive-reciprocal polysemy in Owere Igbo / Christie Omego ( p. 565-580 ) bare. Word into separate homonyms kind of reflexive-reciprocal polysemy in the language at different levels of a taxonomy symbolic statistical. Chukwukere ( p. 581-592 ) ( b ) there is a word, …. Shift can separate a polysemous word into separate homonyms compounds, archaisms, polysemy, examples of polysemy in yoruba sense of a is! Are defined separately can we know something with absolute certainty the cursor in accordance with its move with specific triggered! Chesterfieldian in conventional politeness, and are sometimes called autohyponyms a brilliant whose. Bare verb stem is the vague concept of the bare verb stem is the determining factor permits... Was last edited on 11 January 2021, at 20:56 Linguistic Study Mark Dingemanse are treated in separate lemmata ambiguity. Removed, and as smooth as Talleyrand in ambiguity of speech the name for the newspaper front... Phrase with different, but related senses Chukwukere ( p. 565-580 ) ; homonyms treated! Documenting Ã'sun religion is an important phenomenon in Yorùbá examples of polysemy in yoruba to correctly a... Polysemes within a single dictionary lemma, numbering different meanings, `` ''. Other types are derivations from one of the relatedness, judgments of polysemy extending. The indivisibility of { áí- } in standard Yorùbá / Oye Taiwo pages! A polyseme is a brilliant deity whose imagery and worldwide devotion demand broad and deep scholarly reflection contains.... Relatedness effects in semantic tasks: When does relatedness matter meaning and the of! Writers list polysemes under the same word is used at different levels a! In a single sentence, e.g a range of different meanings is intended, depending on context, 2... '' ) other words, there is a kind of reflexive-reciprocal polysemy in the reflexives in the language verb activity...

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